One of my favorite places to explore in New Mexico is the serene Village of Los Ranchos de Albuquerque - where homes commonly blend into the landscape, tucked under cottonwoods older than all of us reading this post. Within Los Ranchos, one of my all-time favorite architects is Nat P. Kaplan.
Kaplan's innovative use of adobe and commitment to harmonizing structures with their natural surroundings have made his works timeless examples of Southwestern architecture - and timeless really is the perfect word for everything he's built in New Mexico.
This article is to shed some light into Nat Kaplan's life, influences, and design philosophy. Much of this comes from the New Mexico Archives at the Special Collections Library.
Early Life and Influences
Born on July 5, 1912, in Brooklyn, New York, Kaplan was the son of Russian immigrants. His father, a furniture maker and shipbuilder, instilled in him a love for craftsmanship. At 16, Kaplan apprenticed as a stonemason at Lake Mohonk, New York, where he developed an appreciation for natural materials—a passion that would profoundly influence his architectural style.
Educational Background
Kaplan earned a Bachelor of Science from the University of Connecticut in 1934. He pursued postgraduate studies in architecture, landscape architecture, and civil engineering at Oklahoma State University. During this time, he collaborated with Professor J.E. Kirkham on experimental construction methods, notably creating water-resistant adobe bricks by mixing earth with emulsified asphalt and soap.
Transition to New Mexico
In 1937, Kaplan moved to Taos, New Mexico, immersing himself in the local art scene by creating watercolors, etchings, and carvings. By 1939, he became the founding director of the Gallup Art Center, teaching various art forms. His artistic endeavors deepened his connection to the region's culture and landscapes, which later influenced his architectural designs.
Establishing Sagebrush Construction Company
After serving as a camouflage officer in World War II, Kaplan returned to New Mexico in 1946. He initially worked in Raton's engineering department, contributing to projects like the Van Bremmer Dam and the city's sewage system. In 1949, he completed his first adobe house in Albuquerque's northwest valley, marking the beginning of his prolific career in adobe construction. He founded Sagebrush Construction Company, through which he designed and built over 150 custom adobe homes and commercial structures across the Southwest.
Design Philosophy
Kaplan's mantra, "let the house grow out of the land," encapsulated his approach to design. He emphasized using indigenous materials like adobe, stone, and timber, ensuring that his structures blended seamlessly with the New Mexican landscape. This philosophy not only honored the natural environment but also paid homage to traditional Southwestern architectural styles.
Notable Projects
Kaplan's portfolio is rich with diverse projects, each reflecting his commitment to craftsmanship and design integrity. Here are some of his most notable works:
Sagebrush Inn, Taos
Kaplan's work on the Sagebrush Inn involved designing and constructing additions that enhanced its rustic charm, making it a beloved landmark in Taos.
Governor John Simms Ranch, La Cienega
This project showcased Kaplan's ability to create residences that harmonized with the natural landscape, reflecting the traditional adobe style.
Enchanted Mesa Trading Post
A commercial venture that highlighted Kaplan's versatility in designing functional yet aesthetically pleasing structures.
Rancho Alegre, La Cienega
Used as a filming location for 'Red Sky at Morning' and the TV series 'Empire,' this project demonstrated Kaplan's skill in creating expansive, picturesque estates.
Silo House, Los Poblanos
An innovative project where Kaplan repurposed existing agricultural structures, showcasing his creativity and respect for historical elements.
Innovations in Adobe Construction
Kaplan was renowned for his innovative techniques in adobe construction. He experimented with materials and methods to improve the durability and efficiency of adobe structures. One notable innovation was the development of waterproof adobe bricks, achieved by mixing earth with emulsified asphalt and soap. This technique enhanced the longevity of adobe buildings, making them more resistant to the elements - a technique widely used to this day.
Awards and Recognitions
Kaplan's contributions to architecture and the arts were widely recognized. In 1970, he was appointed to the Albuquerque Fine Arts Board, serving two three-year terms. He also participated in juries for the Albuquerque Zoo Sculpture Competition and the Albuquerque Arts Board Sculpture Competition. In 1984, he received the Governor’s Award for Excellence in the Arts, acknowledging his significant impact on New Mexico's cultural heritage.
Legacy and Impact
Kaplan's architectural legacy continues to influence modern adobe construction. His designs are celebrated for their aesthetic appeal, environmental harmony, and innovative use of traditional materials. Structures like the Sagebrush Inn in Taos and the Silo House in Los Poblanos stand as testaments to his vision and skill. His work has inspired a renewed appreciation for adobe architecture, blending traditional techniques with modern needs.
Preservation of Kaplan's Works
Efforts to preserve Kaplan's architectural contributions are ongoing. Organizations like the Los Ranchos Historical Society have hosted presentations discussing his work, emphasizing the importance of maintaining these structures for future generations.
